Saturday, May 22, 2021

 

Whats the next step?


         Ignorance is characterised by a feeling of invincibility. But then ignorance is probably what lets you step into the unknown because no one ever told you “It can’t be done”. I narrate my first brush with research; an event that changed my life in more profound ways than I realised at that point of time.

         It was the year 2007, we had just joined MD Aerospace medicine, a leap in the dark because during the counselling at the hallowed halls of the DGAFMS, after the Common Entrance Test, this was the only subject about which I had no clue at all. The first few days of MD were even stranger, no patients to see, no OPD, no case sheets; just endless classroom lectures (I heard the term didactic the first time there). Physiology, the depths of which left me gasping for breath, and then physics and Bio Medical Engineering which roused sleeping parts of the brain, long dormant since the Plus-2 days. Fascinating equations and formulae which had me craving for more while rest of my class was struggling to keep awake. I give this background to enable a glimpse into the mental state in which the future course of events unfolded.

         In keeping with the time honored traditions of IAM, the first-year trainees were the experimental subjects for almost every single research going on at IAM. The experiences in the old human centrifuge, the dry flotation chamber and others are stories for another time. At that time, a lot of research projects were going on in the Spatial Disorientation simulator. AK was doing his dissertation experiments and Maj ON was his subject, sitting inside the simulator. I walked in and was waiting for my turn as the next guinea pig. ON was supposed to move his head down to experience Coriolis which was an important event in the experiment. ON had two issues, first he had a short neck and a short stature so the head movement was not very apparent on the monitoring screen outside, moreover, voluntarily moving the head to initiate a tumbling vertiginous feeling needed a far stronger stomach than ON was willing to furnish at that point in time. I walked in to see the instructor verbally flaying AK for not ensuring proper head movement.

“Can’t you see he isn’t moving his head down fully”

And here I displayed my ignorance and stepped into the unknown. I asked “Sir is there no way of knowing how much is he moving his head?”

The reply was that of a seasoned instructor to a first-year ignoramus “You can make out with experience”

The conversation ended there but the seed had been sown. Little did I know that this question would consume me for the next one year. But that’s digressing.

I mulled over the question for a week and one day walked up to the instructor and said I may have a solution. Of course, he had forgotten about the whole episode but being hard pressed for time told me to prepare a write up about my plan and leave it on his desk. I did that …and it lay on his desk undisturbed of a week (I used to sneak in to his office to see if the so called write up had been touched). And then providence struck and he went on leave. So, I quietly picked up the paper and went to meet the Chief Research Officer (CRO). Same answer, leave it and we shall see. Two days later I went in again, and this time he said “I haven’t read it, but I am going to meet the Commandant, you can walk with me and explain on the way” And so came the 100 metres that affected everything thereafter. We walked and he listened. At the Commandant’s office, he told me to wait outside. He came out and he said, “Tell me once more”. We walked and he listened again. When we reached his office, he asked me that question which changed my life forever

What’s the next step?

I had no answer. I had a theoretical idea which could probably be used to make out head movements of a person sitting inside the DISO simulator. That’s it. Whats next?? What sort of a question was that? How do I know what’s next? After the silence stretched beyond the limits of tolerance of a busy CRO, he said “Go ahead and do it”

What ensued next was a flurry of instructions to all concerned people to facilitate the “next step”.

And there my life changed forever.

We all get ideas, we all in that flash of insight see a solution staring us in the face or at times see a faint light at the end of a tunnel, but seldom do we take that first step.

That day, because someone listened and cared enough to make it possible to take that first step, I spent the next month of my life designing an experiment, doing it on ground, encountering the numerous failures that real life inconsiderately imposes on our grandiose plans. But the template was ready and I could predict from outside, how much is the head being moved inside the DISO. 

From there I was obsessed for the next one year to formulate a universal equation for any simulator with an off centered monitoring camera. Read up volumes on trigonometry, worked equations, dived into 3D space and its mathematical descriptors and published my first scientific paper.

All because Wg Cdr Sanjiv Sharma asked me that day in 2007 

What’s the next step?

There are teachers and then there are educators.

Wednesday, July 21, 2010

Conquering Nature

A dull overcast day .. waiting for the 4 days to pass for me to go home. A call comes for a casualty evacuation. A foot patrol somewhere along the borders of china out for a 71 kms 11 day route meets with a mishap. 45 yr old guy falls down some 30 metres into a gorge. Communication by radio ..he is alive but unconcious..need to evacuate him fast..injuries something around the head and neck..and maybe a leg is broken. a look at the skies says...its a tough call..the chopper may not get to him. We launch..cant even see the north bank of the Brahmaputra...keep flying for 3 kms looking for an opening .. No joy.

Back to base.. the night creeps in ..the weather refuses to relent.. we plan to attempt again at 0530h ..take off..cross the brahmaputra....majestic in its full swollen self..flooding eveything in view. I sit with the Air Evac stuff and a camera in hand. Reach the himalayas..the valleys are white..majestic awe inspiring view .. but frustrating to the heart. Cant go in .. we come back. wait at a nearby base...take the weather every 15 mins .. keep talking to the unit whose casualty is waiting for the 'angels of mercy'. The guy opened his eyes in  the morning ..our hopes rise up..the injuries are clearer..he has broken his mandible and a leg .. rest is unknown. The bombshell drops.. IV fluids with the nursing assistant are over. They cant get him down as they are on a hill tip with steep sides .. attempting a foot rescue is risking more lives of the patrol. the earliest another patrol can reach him is 3 days. No .. air evac is the only option. Keep him warm .. keep him warm I say.
The pilots huddle together around a map .. looking for alternate routes in through the mountains...more calls for weather .. every entry point is blocked with clouds. We wait.
Another call from the unit.. they tried  to piggy back him ..the route is too treacherous .. failed. they wait for us ..we wait for the weather.
Couple of hours go by .. another attempt .. enter the valley mouth .. breathtaking raw peaks with impenetrable forests...pristine waterfalls that are unsullied by human presence... we keep going. 10 kms in .. we hit clouds.. try another valley .. the cloud cover is relentless. We turn back yet again .. this time to an airfield close by.

The wait again .. the weather every 15 mins .. sitting in the ATC tower eyes on the horizon .. looking for the peaks that lay veiled in clouds. the afternoon flows by .. and the cut off time for valley flying inches closer. We wait. 
We see some distant mountains in haze .. is it worth another try ..?? We launch again. Enter the same valley...the effort of human endeavour visible along the stream that we follow .. houses at places that would put an eagle to shame. We keep going ..two choppers .. and hope .. the possibility of a life being saved. A lot of in only's keep cropping up. If only we had a helipad enroute .. could have stopped over for the night ..waited there for a window however small to get him out. ..we reach a little further.. but the mountain tops are  in clouds....keep making forays side ways ...no opening. the cutoff time for valley flying comes and goes.. we turn back.

Four and half hours .. four attempts ...failed.
We are the only ones who can get him out .. a foot patrol is on its way...but how will they get him down!!
Tomorrow is another day. The weather forecast isnt good. 
Money ..expertise..intent ...all wait genuflecting while the indian monsoon rages.
Conquer nature .. hah..!!!

......to be concluded.

Sunday, June 20, 2010

The Sentinels of the far east

17 days in Assam.
17 days of being a specialist in a helicopter squadron.
17 days of not feeling guilty about not studying.
17 days lazing around without moving a muscle.
17 days of missing Shaurya.

It has been 17 days since I joined in my new unit in Assam. The first time that i have actually been to the northeast. The first myth that got demolished was that tea gardens have to be on hill slopes..well they are asmuch present on the flat plains of the brahmaputra basin. and if i ever decide to employ a gardener i would want someone from a tea garden..the way they meticulously maintain the trees..!!.
Ohhh and it is hot ...and humid...it rains ...as if someone is pouring down buckets from the sky..days on end and there is no sun ..and then one fine day you have a bright morning..within minutes it becomes sweltering hot ...everything seems to steam..the floor looks as if it has just been wet mopped..!!
But the loveliest are the insects. the spiders would put any self respecting crab to shame and the beetles would give fright to most birds that decide to make a meal of them. They are everywhere ..creeping buzzing..flying around and their buzzing gives them a sense of urgency as if they are in a great hurry to finish some urgent work somewhere. the extra-large dragonflies stare at you contemptuously with huge eyes  when you sit around whiling away time in a land that stirs to life at the unearthly hour of 4:00am and winds down to darkness at 5:30 PM.
while my sweat glands acclimatise to the 100% humidity and the BSNL guys drag their feet over an internet connection I count the days left to meet my son.

Saturday, April 17, 2010

Give some RAIN....!!!!!!!!

We had planned for ages of throwing a party on completing our Post graduation. Not everything that we expected was happening in the days after our grading exams.. I didnt top..Murtu got screwed in the vivas even after topping the theory...Omu ..got posted to a non family station....well part of life isnt it.
Yet like the Unsinkable Molly Brown aboard the Titanic .. nothing could really keep us down for long .. the trip to Pondicherry was refreshing to say the least.
We worked at making this party memorable and well ensure that folks miss us sorely and surely .. when we leave.
Omu was cajoled into writing the framework of a skit and it soon attained the full colours under the wildly imaginative minds of me and murtu.
The evening was spent fighting with the system to waggle out the larger speakers and three microphones. It never ceases to amaze me the way people hold on to things that belong to and institution as if it was meant to exist for infinity .. ya getting possessive about the Tajmahal is one thing, caring for it is another, but covering it up with a shed so that no one sees it or it doesnt get damaged is ..well basically defeating the whole purpose isnt it..!!

anyway it was horribly hot and humid and not a shred of cloud in the sky till 6:45
Anyway the party started ..lit up like a christmas tree with music and games in waiting ..
Omu goes to the mike and says the party starts with the theme song "Give me some sunshine...give me some rain " ..and by God it rained .. not just rained it poured .. and it poured and poured ...for the next two hours. the party was a disaster .. with the music system wet , no chance of a rain dance either.

We moved to the mess and the the hand of God showed it self again and a plywod partition crashed on a couple of ladies ..Sweta included.
Well what more could go wrong .. no .. we salvaged a few things..two songs went off okay.
And then we did the skit .. i was already a couple down .. so the words flowed and the script was being modified and everyone went on their own grid and yet it held on together.. Ashu showed some brilliant improvisation skills.

And the n the phone call came.. a house is on fire .. Great ..just great ..!! what more now ..???
No damage to life or property ..but what a scare.
One things for certain..noones going to forget the evening in a hurry

Thursday, April 8, 2010

My second Publication

http://medind.nic.in/iab/t09/i2/iabt09i2c.shtml

This is the link to my second publication in the Indian Journal of Aerospace medicine. Not bad as a trainee if i must say so myself ..:). And this article also won the Best Paper award at the Conference in Delhi.
The first article had been about the Mathematical model that i had developed for the DISO simulator at IAM for measuring head movements if subjects. That was a completely original work and had been a solo publication.
This article on the other hand was actually an institutional work wherein an indigenous effort at making a helmet for the aircrew had been made by a design and development agency and the prototype had come for evaluation to IAM.
Now it was tested on around 40 pilots and a problem was found.
So where do I come in ..??
Well the problem was there but couldnot be pinpointed...so i took it from the stage of "there is a problem" to "this is the problem". The clue lay in the statistical difference between the parameters that had been considered. My next contribution was to design an alternative way of designing the sizing schedule so that the problem could be solved.

Three years at IAM and time to go .. for the only time in my life when I really did what i really really wanted to do and enjoyed every moment of wrestling with a problem at 3:00 AM in the night..!!

Types of Data

There are four types of data that may be gathered in research, each one adding more to the next. Thus ordinal data is also nominal, and so on.

Ratio
Interval
Ordinal
Nominal

Nominal
The name 'Nominal' comes from the Latin nomen, meaning 'name' and nominal data are items which are differentiated by a simple naming system. The only thing a nominal scale does is
to say that items being measured have something in common, although this may not be described. Nominal items may have numbers assigned to them. This may appear ordinal but is not -- these are used to simplify capture and referencing. Nominal items are usually categorical,
in that they belong to a definable category, such as 'employees'.
Example
The number pinned on a Sachin Tendulkar's shirt.
A set of countries.

Ordinal
Items on an ordinal scale are set into some kind of order by their position on the scale. This may indicate such as temporal position, superiority, etc. The order of items is often defined by
assigning numbers to them to show their relative position. Letters or other sequential symbols may also be used as appropriate. Ordinal items are usually categorical, in that they belong to a definable category, such as 'Help Bangalore marathon runners'. You cannot do arithmetic with ordinal numbers -- they show sequence only.
Example
The first, third and fifth person in a race.
Pay bands in an organization, as denoted by A, B, C and D.

Interval
Interval data (also sometimes called integer) is measured along a scale in which each position is equidistant from one another. This allows for the distance between two pairs to be equivalent in some way. This is often used in psychological experiments that measure attributes along an arbitrary scale between two extremes. This is the most confusing of all....like the Samn perelli fatigue scale or the NASA TLX or the famous Glasgow Coma Score. Interval data cannot be multiplied or divided. Try taking the average GCS of 10 patients in the ICU ..!!!
Example
My level of happiness, rated from 1 to 10.
Temperature, in degrees
Fahrenheit.

Ratio
In a ratio scale, numbers can be compared as multiples of one another. Thus one person can be twice as tall as another person. Important also, the number zero has meaning. Thus the difference between a person of 35 and a person 38 is the same as the difference between people who are 12 and 15. A person can also have an age of zero. Ratio data can be multiplied and divided because not only is the difference between 1 and 2 the same as between 3 and 4, but also that 4 is twice as much as 2. Interval and ratio data measure quantities and hence are quantitative. Because they can be measured on a scale, they are also called scale data.
Example
A person's weight
The number of pizzas I can eat before fainting

Parametric vs. Non-parametric
Interval and ratio data are parametric, and are used with parametric tools in which distributions are predictable (and often Normal). Nominal and ordinal data are non-parametric, and do not assume any particular distribution. They are used with non-parametric tools such as the
Histogram.

Continuous and Discrete
Continuous measures are measured along a continuous scale which can be divided into fractions, such as temperature. Continuous variables allow for infinitely fine sub-division, which
means if you can measure sufficiently accurately, you can compare two items and determine the difference. Discrete variables are measured across a set of fixed values, such as age in years (not microseconds). These are commonly used on arbitrary scales, such as scoring your level of happiness, although such scales can also be continuous.

The starting point of a study is the data ..and knowing the data you are dealing with helps decide the way it is to be collected or treated. whether your own study or going through someone elses study for a journal club, the first thing to do is to look at the data when talking of statistics.

Friday, February 5, 2010

My first Publication

I am so irregular now with the blog that i didnt even post my first publication.

Its rather surprising how i find mathematics come to my rescue everytime i get stuck with an aeromedical problem.
I just wish we had better teachers in maths in school and then maybe i wouldnt have hated the subject so .. at that time.

anyways this article is a simple application of three dimensional geometry common sense and some simple trigonometry to predict the head movement of a person when seen from an off centred camera.
An over simplification actually since in real life using calculus would give a better approximation.. but then we live with our limitations i guess